Cultural Beauty Ideals As A Form Of Ethnic Body Policing ...

Eurocentric Beauty Ideals as a Form of Ethnic body policing: Origins and effects on East Asian Women. Many, East Asian women increasingly travel widely outside of East Asian countries to western ones and vice versa. Additionally, many East Asian women travel to the United States of America to attend College and Graduate programs. Globalization and western media are increasing their foot hold in East Asian countries. The universal aesthetic of beauty is becoming increasingly popular. This paper compares and contrasts the differences and similarities in East Asian cultural feminine beauty aesthetics versus Asian American beauty norms and aesthetics. I will discuss colonization in Asia and how this affects social norms and habits and its effects. This semester, In fulfillment of the requirements for Anthropology of sexuality class I conducted three separate interviews with East Asian students. Two female identified and one male; each interviewee was asked the same questions in an effort to get a broader base for potential themes that would arise. This interview focuses on the interview with a Female identified, heterosexual Taiwanese graduate student between the ages of 25/30. It is important to make the distinction here, that she is originally from Taiwan and immigrated to the United States for the purpose of attending Graduate school in the Fine Arts. Major themes arising were ideals of beauty, femininity, colonialism, globalization and capitalism. We will begin our focusShow MoreRelatedExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 PagesSound into a music and media empire worth nearly  £150m. Two years later, Palumbo had quit as chief executive and the Ministry of Sound was looking for a new strategic direction. The Ministry of Sound’s start had been difï ¬ cult. Dance music had its origins in ‘acid house’, itself with its roots in the futuristic, electronic music of the gay clubs of Chicago and New York. The new style had been picked up by British DJs in Ibiza, who combined it with the drug Ecstasy to create a new ‘blissed-out’ soundRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagessharing, which has resulted in up to three weeks additional pay in profit sharing bonuses in some years. The test of the change is in the results. GE Fanuc’s revenue is up women employees, who composed about three-fourths of the bank’s workers. As a result, several yea rs later about one-fourth of all managers and executives are women. Similar attention also was focused on other diverse groups of employees. So that all employees were given opportunities to grow and learn, the Bank of Montreal’s InstituteRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pagesmarketing partners, in order to earn and retain their business. A) Integrated B) Demand-based C) Direct D) Relationship E) Internal Answer: D Page Ref: 20 Objective: 4 Difficulty: Easy 64) Tracys is a chain of hair dressing salons for women. They use the television, magazines, radio, and newspapers to advertise their services. The owners ensure that all communication channels deliver a common message to prospective customers. Tracys believes in ________. A) internal marketing B) integrated

My Experience At The Marines And Starting School - 1104 Words

Now that our group has come to a decision, I think this assignment is great way to look back and reflect on our group journey. As the oldest member of the group, I knew that I might change the dynamics of the group. I have had many group activities were the other members give me more credit than I deserved because of my age and experience. In other moments, I tend to have too much initiative or assertiveness were I take control of the group. When I was in the Marines, I would quickly accept the leadership responsibilities and show the initiative to separate myself from the rest. After leaving the Marines and starting school, it has been a little different. Even though I want to go to my defaults, I get self-conscious about giving the younger students the opportunity to take the lead. I get this uneasy feeling that I am being too assertive or taking their opportunity to grow. So, to prevent that default or awkwardness, I did what I usually do in this kind of setting; I try not to take the leadership position and let others take that opportunity. I intentionally stepped back and watched things play out and helped if needed. Since I am a very vocal person, I found it hard taking this position. What really surprised me during the group assignments where the initiative each group member showed throughout our PSP journey. This experience reaffirmed my belief that with a group of motivated individuals and the right dynamics, pretty much anything can get done. Even though IShow MoreRelatedThe Ocean Has Been My Favorite Environment972 Words   |  4 Pagesthe ocean has been my favorite environment. It s the only place that I constantly feel at one with the earth and my surroundings. From an early age I always had an idea on what I wanted to pursue as my career. I would read books about the oceanic world below and The Great Barrier Reef in Australia. It wasn t until I encountered a wild dolphin at Clearwater beach, Florida that I decided to be a marine biologist. The dolphin was so friendly and welcoming, swimming by me and my brother and allowingRead MoreHow I Got Where I Am Today1338 Words   |  6 PagesThis autobiography will present events, people, and experiences that have been integral to my career development. My life will be outlined starting from early childhood and leading up to present day. Each stage of my life will discuss examples that explain how I got to where I am today. Career development theories will then be related t o my life experiences. Early Childhood When I was a young child, my parents were both hard working individuals. My mother worked in the custodial department at a centerRead MoreJohn Philip Sausa: The March King Essay1008 Words   |  5 Pagesage of four.†(9). 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Though many have an unrivaled fear of the doctor’s office, visits to a physician have fascinated me since a very young age, finding the visits to be educationalRead MoreThe Importance Of Education At The Marine Corps887 Words   |  4 PagesAs a 16-year-old kid, the only thing on my mind was playing sports and being outside of the classroom. At the time, I didn’t realize that working at a mediocre level would slow me down in the long run. Not that I was a bad or disrespectful student by any means, but if my grades were well enough to participate in wrestling and football, I was happy. Very rarely did I study at home. I had no interest in using my free time for more school work. The importance of education to an individual at a youngerRead MoreCharacteristics of an Effective Tea cher Essay1336 Words   |  6 Pagesmost of my teachers. Don’t get me wrong, some of my teachers were great. I had a few over the years that genuinely cared for their students, but I also had many who were there just to collect their paycheck and get all weekends, government holidays, and summers off. Even after graduating high school, I had no intentions of ever joining the educational field. Truthfully, I had no desire to attend college. I only attended three years of high school due to the fact that I was allowed to take my EnglishRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Leader?1509 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluenced in many ways spanning their entire life and career. I have been influenced in many ways, starting with my parents and continuing to the newest A-school student checking into the Air Station. I like to think that a good leader is influenced by anyone he comes in contact with shaping who you are as a leader and that it never ceases to end. Being a United States Marine has also greatly influenced my life in many ways, including building the foundation of me as a professional leader. InfluencesRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Leader?1509 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluenced in many ways spanning their entire life and career. I have been influenced from the beginning starting with my parents and continuing to the newest A-school student checking into the Air Station. I like to think that a good leader is influenced by anyone he comes in contact with shaping who you are as a leader and that it never ceases to end. Being a United States Marine has also greatly influenced my life in many ways, including building the foundation of me as a professional leader. InfluencesRead MoreA Growing Problem That The United States Is Facing Is Poverty1218 Words   |  5 Pageslazy or unmotivated and there can be a universal solution to fix poverty. As a child that did not have to deal with the problems of poverty personally I also believed that there could be an easy or quick soluti on to fix all of these problems. Now that my family has experienced poverty first hand, I know that is not the case. The solutions that are in place currently are more of a band aid fix. What I mean by this is you deal with problems quickly but you have not fully resolved the root of the problemRead MoreLeaders Who Have Impacted Me The Most918 Words   |  4 Pagesnot associated with wars. I contemplated for days on whom I felt impacted me the most with their legacy. I decided to choose a leader whom I have known my entire Army career; SSG Lacy L. Behl (Brown). It was not an easy decision to select SSG Behl because I have known many leaders in the Army that have outstanding legacies that positively impacted my career. SSG Behl has always been there for me. She has shown me the strength of her character (through her actions in her military career and throughout

Business Forecast - 1469 Words

Abstract This Paper examines and compares various forecasting techniques used for qualitative and quantitative business forecasting and their use in Firstlogic Inc., to forecast the demand under conditions of uncertainty. Time series and Delphi forecasting methods are considered for this research to evaluate their ability to make effective decisions regarding the future. Business Forecasting Business forecasting is the process of studying historical performance for the purpose of using the knowledge gained to project future business conditions so that decisions can be made today that will aid in the achievement of established goals. Forecasting plays a crucial role in today s uncertain global marketplace. Forecasting is traditionally†¦show more content†¦This group then feeds back the responses to other members of the group, while never giving away the identity of the response. The experts are then asked to respond again, after reviewing the responses of other respondents. This process may continue until a consensus is reached among the group. The group may be united to form a final consensus (Namvar, 2000, p.8). Time Series Forecasting Method Time series techniques are the most popular quantitative method. These techniques use statistical methods for projecting from historical data. Quantitative techniques are preferred when appropriate data are available. The main assumption is that the historical pattern will continue into the future. The two main types of time series forecasting are average smoothing and exponential smoothing. The moving average is simply a series of arithmetic averages. Predicting sales for next year is simple. The actual sales for a certain number of years is added, and then divided by the number of years used to get the moving average. A weighted moving average is obtained by assigning a specific weight to previous years. The sum of all weights must equal one. Recent years are given a higher weight (Namvar, 2000, p.13). Exponential smoothing is simply a subtype of the weighted moving average. A new forecast is a weighted sum of actual variables (usually sales) in the current year and the weighted forecast ofShow MoreRelatedEssay about Business Forecast1444 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Forecast This Paper examines and compares various forecasting techniques used for qualitative and quantitative business forecasting and their use in Firstlogic Inc., to forecast the demand under conditions of uncertainty. Time series and Delphi forecasting methods are considered for this research to evaluate their ability to make effective decisions regarding the future. Business Forecasting Business forecasting is the process of studying historical performance for the purpose ofRead MoreL.L. Bean, Inc. Case Study Report1016 Words   |  5 Pages 6. At the item level, forecasts have to be issued and ultimately purchase commitments have to be made. Problem: the large number of errors (either over stock or under stock) at the item level is disturbing to top management. Estimated costs of lost sales and backorders is about $11 million dollars, and liquidation costs associated with having too much of the wrong inventory is an additional $10 million totaling $21 million or 4% of catalog sales. 7. The item forecast process involves a groupRead MoreForecasting and Demand Planning2752 Words   |  12 PagesTotal annual/monthly volume †¢ Projected product mix Operational †¢ Weekly/monthly SKUlevel demand †¢ Order size and frequency 3 Role of Forecasting in Supply Chain, †¢ Basis for Strategic Planning Decisions in SCM †¢ Decisions needing Forecast as Base †¢ Production - Scheduling -Inventory Control -- Aggregate Planning - Purchasing †¢ Marketing -Allocation of Sales-Force -- Promotion Activities -- New Product Launching †¢ Finance -Plant Equipment Investment -- Budgetary Planning Read MoreQualitative Forecasting1779 Words   |  8 Pageseducated opinions  of appropriate persons 1.  Delphi method:  forecast is developed by a  panel of experts  who anonymously answer a series of questions; responses are fed back to panel members who then may change their original responses a- very time consuming and expensive b- new groupware makes this process much more feasible 2.  Market research:  panels, questionnaires, test markets, surveys, etc. 3.  Product life-cycle analogy:  forecasts based on life-cycles of similar Read MoreYahoo! Inc. Overview of its business model, value proposition and projected financial forecast.1545 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Yahoo! Inc. Overview of the company’s business model, value proposition and projected financial forecast. Introduction Yahoo! Inc. is a global US Internet Corporation, founded in California in 1994, which provides a range of products and content, including email, media streaming and downloads. Surviving the dot.com crash in 2001, Yahoo concentrated on pursuing partnerships with telecoms and internet providers to compete with AOL, they acquired smallerRead MoreBarilla Case Study3439 Words   |  14 PagesMaastricht University School of Business and Economics International Executive Master of Finance and Control 20 April 2012 Course – Logistics Prof. Dr. Allard van Riel Pauline Henselmans Jetse van de Kamp Ze Zhu Thiago Barros de Oliveira Rene Lorrier Contents 1. Reasons for the increase in variability in demand in Barilla’s supply chain 3 1.1 Distributed inventories, local optimization 3 1.2 Lack of inventory information and sales forecast information 3 1.3 PromotionsRead MoreDemand Risk in Transport Infrastructure Projects1002 Words   |  5 Pagesrevenue generation is critical to the ultimate success of the project. Brocklebank, Burnett, Ras Walt(Brocklebank, Burnett, Ras Walt . 2001) describes the demand forecasts or revenue generation as â€Å"vital to the development of a business case†. Mackie, Nellthrop and Laird (Mackie, Nellthrop and Laird. 2005) note that â€Å"demand forecasts are fundamental to an economic appraisal† for rail transport infrastructure projects. 2.2 The Concept of Demand Risk Burger (Burger, P. 2006) noted that when aRead MoreCross-Functional Alignment in Supply Chain Planning13165 Words   |  53 Pagesprocesses is to facilitate master planning, demand planning, and the flow of information between them. Master planning is primarily concerned with the coordination of the supply side of the organization and seeks the most efficient way to fulfill demand forecasts over the medium term (Stadtler, 2005), facilitating finer levels of planning such as purchasing and materials requirements, 6 production, and distribution planning. Demand planning is concerned with the customer-facing side of the organizationRead MoreE Commerce : Commercial Transactions Conducted Electronically On The Internet1161 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION: E-commerce is known as commercial transactions conducted electronically on the Internet. Introduce GOGAL to online business in order to individual customer and to support visitors to become customers and to encourage loyalty for repeat purchase in their customer to develop maintain the GOGAL brand and need to identify their target market through types of advertising and their placement use of e-mail, CRM, social media etc. in visitors/ customers communication. Ecommerce definitionRead MoreThe Tremendous Growth Of E Commerce During The Last Century Could Baffle Some Economist1055 Words   |  5 Pagesmade a major improvement. In the first few years, we were seeing the growth of search engines and portals. This is when the Business to Consumer market began to increase. Over the last couple years, the Business to Business market has shown significant growth. To answer any predetermined questions, we will discuss important impacts of information asymmetry in business. Information Asymmetry can be described as one side of a transaction having more knowledge of the product than the other. This

Gay, Lesbian, And Queer Essays On Popular Culture - 909 Words

Creekmur, Corey K., and Alexander Doty. Out in Culture: Gay, Lesbian, and Queer Essays on Popular Culture. Durham: Duke UP, 1995. Print. Out in Culture is a book that offers a variety of experiences from different lesbians and gays and the roles they play in todays society. The book is filled with personal accounts of disappointments, acceptance, and pleasures that each person has faced in this mass culture of homophobic oppression and discrimination. Many of the essays in the book pinpoints the stereotypical roles that society feels that gays or lesbians should play and what the media portrays them as. This book is important to mention in the research paper because it offers different account of homophobia on different spectrums from television and Hollywood to cooperate jobs. This book also shows how homophobia is rampant in not just the black community, but all communities. Theses essays takes a theoretical screen shot of how homosexuality was dealt with during the time of which this book was released. This book also shows the progression with the LGBT community from then to now. Ford, Zack. New Survey Debunks the Myth Of Black Homophobia. Think Progressive. N.p., 26 Feb. 2016. Web. 13 Apr. 2016. Ford’s article challenges what the world is saying about black homophobia. It gives reasoning behind the myth and a survey that shows why this myth is not accurate and should be challenged by the black and gay community. He makes a connection between gays andShow MoreRelatedA Radical Analysis And Argument On The Issue Of Lgbtq Rights Movement1733 Words   |  7 PagesWithin this essay, the main focus will be to improve a radical analysis and argument in relation to the topic of LGBTQ rights movements. Injustice has developed during the centuries to be a main problem around the world, especially in the United States. There are many different issues that injustice addresses. In order to form this, this essay will discuss the history of LGBTQ rights movements since early 1920s. In reference to the position supporting LGBTQ rights movements, the discussion wil l concentrateRead MoreThe Black Man s Burden By Henry Louis Gates Jr.1465 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Harlem Renaissance identified somewhere along the LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual) spectrum. â€Å"Claude McKay, Wallace Thurman, Alain Locke, Richard Bruce Nugent, Angelina Weld Grimkà ©, Alice Dunbar-Nelson and Langston Hughes, all luminaries of the New Negro literary movement, have been identified as anywhere from openly gay (Nugent) to sexually ambiguous or mysterious (Hughes). In a 1993 essay, â€Å"The Black Man’s Burden,† Henry Louis Gates Jr., The Root‘s editor-in-chiefRead MoreThe Use Of Slang And Its Significance On English Essay2214 Words   |  9 Pagestransgressed over time. Queer, lesbian, homosexual, and gay all share an importance to the beginnings of the more modern usages. The origin of queer is unclear, but the Oxford English dictionary defines one of its earliest meanings around 1513 as ‘stran ge, odd, peculiar, eccentric’. It wasn’t until the 1900s that it was used as an offensive term for homosexual people, with its original meaning still in context. This changed in the 1990s when early conversations about queer theory were had by socialRead MoreWhy Do Students Speak Gay Lingo?1391 Words   |  6 PagesWhy do students speak Gay lingo? For Heterosexual students The aim of the speakers is to be au courant. Heterosexual students want to show that they are well-informed in this genre of speaking. They want to let people know that they also have the capacity to speak gay lingo eventhough they are not inside the world of the homosexual where it is spoken. Also, their intention is to be modern. Since social media has made swardspeak popular, students are exposed to it and thus influencing them to useRead MoreMichael Warner The Ethics Of Sexual Shame Analysis1020 Words   |  5 Pagesexample of moralism, which in this claim would be that some forms of sex are better than others. In this way, people shift the shame from their â€Å"good† sex onto the â€Å"bad† sex of everyone else. In this reading, Warner includes Gayle Rubin’s â€Å"Thinking Sex† essay that suggests the differences between â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad† sex. Rubin stated that there is a sexual hierarchy in which if you are placed on the wrong side of, you will be stigmatized. The so-called â€Å"good† sex consists of sex that is heterosexual, marriedRead MoreGender1973 Words   |  8 Pages2 Can a popular television show make a difference in how people think about gay men? As the issue of representation is central to this essay, the most obvious issue surrounding this is the stereotyping of gay characters on television. These types of programmes are no longer written by the homosexual for the homosexual, but have become integrated within â€Å"mainstream† mass media (Battles and Hilton-Morrow,2002).  This paper will explore the extent of enabling and constraining effects that gay visibilityRead MoreSex Sexuality And Its Effect On Society1458 Words   |  6 Pagesmore so same-sex sexuality, were not often mentioned historically, there are many unknowns and inferencing must be done relatively often. Through the convergence of primary sources, such as court cases and diaries, and secondary sources such as essays and books, it is possible for historians to piece together the history of same-sex sexuality in Canada, and more specifically, Alberta. Although society has progressed to become more accepting and understanding, there are also many things that remainRead MoreThe story of Tony Manero Essay1886 Words   |  8 PagesStates. The story of Tony Manero lacks the colourful history of this musical tradition. For example, the film does not explore the homosexual institutions from which disco arose. From the beginning, disco found a strong audience with the gay community. Gay-oriented bathhouses like New York’s Continental Baths were some of the first venues where disco tracks were spun. With this growing popularity, disco became more than a genre; it generated its own lifestyle. While disco music manifested itselfRead More Homophobia in America Essay1985 Words   |  8 Pagesin Michael Lassells poem How to Watch Your Brother Die and in Neil Millers essay In Search of Gay America: Ogilvie, Minnesota. What are homophobic people afraid of? Do they know? Knowledge and awareness of homosexuality is the best way to prevent homophobia. According to Religioustolerance.com Homophobia has a variety of meanings, including hatred of homosexuality, hatred of homosexuals, fear of gays and lesbians, and a desire or attempt to discriminate against homosexuals. The suffix phobiaRead MoreLgbt19540 Words   |  79 Pagesstands for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender and along with heterosexual they describe peoples sexual orientation or gender identity. These terms are explained in more detail here. Lesbian A lesbian woman is one who is romantically, sexually and/or emotionally attracted to women. Many lesbians prefer to be called lesbian rather than gay. Gay A gay man is one who is romantically, sexually and/or emotionally attracted to men. The word gay can be used to refer generally to lesbian, gay and bisexual

Sex Hormones And Its Effect On Gender - 3589 Words

Introduction. â€Å"Gender is complex† (Lippa, A R 1994) there are unlimited influences that affect each and every one of us as we develop as human beings; we are all unique models, shaped not only by our DNA but also by the physical and emotional environment in which we find ourselves including our biological genes, sex hormones and ongoing genetic and hormonal changes can be defined as ‘nature’ and influence physical development and sexual identity while family background, class and belief systems, described as ‘nurture’ affect gender through the encouragement of social norms and familiar gender roles. (Fausto-Sterling, A 2008) Away from the biological, peer group influences, such as school friends and their families also reinforce gender stereotypes while in the wider world mass media, from children s TV to advertising campaigns, government guidelines on education and community structure and various external influences such as culture and religious beliefs, and according to Fausto-Sterling (2008) â€Å"all form the mannerisms of the individual and define ‘gender’† In this paper I aim to use the examples of two well-known products to examine the way in which toy manufactures have impacted on this complex structure and to explore whether or not they exploit traditional stereotypes for better or worse. I will also be looking at reports from psychologists and sociologists to back up the views surrounding gender exploitations and the effects they may have on children. This is anShow MoreRelatedGender Identity1341 Words   |  6 PagesGender Identity Autumn Messina PSY/340 January 24, 2011 Melynda Marchi Gender Identity The development of our gender identity is influenced by both the biological nature of a person and society, but the biology is the foundation of our gender identity. In the following paragraphs I will be discussing the interaction between hormones and behavior, and how these interactions affect the determination of gender identity, the roles of biological factors nature and environmentalRead MoreDescribe the Role of Genes and Hormones in Gender Development794 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Ã¢â‚¬Å"Describe the role of genes and hormones in gender development† Biological sex is determined by chromosomes in your genes. At prenatal development, only a few weeks after conception, there is no notable difference between male and female structure until the Gonadal Ridges, the structure which develops either female or male sex organs, grows to determine the sex of the baby. All prenatal babies have genitalia that appears distinctly feminine until at three months, hormones- testosterone if the baby’sRead MoreDiscuss the Role of Hormones and/or Genes in Gender Development809 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss the role of hormones and/or genes in gender development. (8 + 16 marks) Biological sex is determined by genes, which are on chromosomes. Humans generally have 23 pairs of chromosomes, one pair of which determines sex. Females have an XX pair while males have an XY pair. Chromosomal sex largely controls how masculine or feminine the eggs development will be. Chromosomal sex controls whether an embryo will develop ovaries or testes. The SRY gene on the Y chromosome which only malesRead MoreThe Effects of Hormones and Behavior on Gender Identity1598 Words   |  7 PagesThe effects of hormones and behavior on gender identity PSY 340 February 14, 2010 The effects of hormones and behavior on gender identity The formation of gender identity is not completely understood as it is much more complex than just getting a sperm and egg cell to join; an XX or an XY genotype is only the first part in gender identity. There are many biological, psychological and sociological factors involved. The biological includes chromosomes, gonads, prenatal hormones, internal accessoryRead MoreGender And Nature Vs. Nurture994 Words   |  4 PagesGender reveal day. A blue middle is exposed by the slice of a cake. Dad perches on a ladder and lathers the nursery with the same sky-blue paint, Mom standing in the middle, rubbing her belly, â€Å"He’ll play football just like you, our little man.† So when the little man grows into a big one, will he play football because of the sports mobile turning above his crib, or because something in himself innately gravitates toward masculine activities? The mechanisms of what creates someone’s gender identityRead More Male and female gender cons tructs Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesOur cultural beliefs dictate that there are only two biological sexes corresponding to two genders (Newman, 2001). The male and female constructs often carry with them misconceptions and stereotypes, such as the belief that gender and sex are synonymous or that gender assigned at birth indicates a specific preference for toys, interest, clothes, and eventual erotic attraction (Newman, 2001). Males are expected to exhibit masculine personality traits and be attracted to women while females are expectedRead MoreDoes A Child Know What Being Transgender? Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pagesthat means: â€Å"denoting or relating to a person whose self-identity does not conform unambiguously to conventional notions of male or female gender†(dicionary.com). In simpler words, a person identifies different with their biological sex. In recent studies, more and more of children under the age of ten have claimed to be transgender or have been diagnosed with Gender Dysphoria. These children claim to be born in the wrong body and have a boy or girl brain (http://www.slate.com), but leading scientistsRead MoreGender And Gender Identity And Development1303 Words   |  6 Pagesconclusion of the â€Å"sex† of their siblings and classmates came from the predetermined characteristics of what a typical male and female are to look like and act like. One’s judgment of this is based on the classic understanding and characteristics that have been repeatedly taught to them throughout the years. However, gender identity and development is something that has been both misunderstood and misconstrued by people for quite some time. The differences between â€Å"gender† and â€Å"sex† is quite vast. AccordingRead MoreGender, Age And Culture957 Words   |  4 PagesApplying an Holistic Perspective to Gender, Age and Culture Sex is defined as biological, and has been almost exclusively perceived as binary—based on male (XY) or female (XX) chromosomes. In fact, within the strictly biological interpretation, sex is not binary—intersexed people are born more frequently than many suspect (Caplan and Caplan, 6), but due to the gender constructs within most societies, these people are often hidden in the mainstream binary system, though this need not be the caseRead MoreGender Identity1270 Words   |  6 PagesGender Identity Introduction This paper will discuss issues dealing with the roles of biological factors, (nature), and environmental influences, (nurture), on sexual differentiation and gender identity. The author, Troy Stutsman, will evaluate and give a determination as to which has the greater influence on gender identity: nature or nurture. Also discussed will be the current arguments about sexual identity and how evidence from biopsychology which may help to resolve the argument. What is

Auditing and Ethical Practices Independence Policy

Question: Discuss about theAuditing and Ethical PracticesforIndependence Policy. Answer: Introduction Auditors independence means the independence of the internal and external auditors of the company. The auditors independence policy states that the internal and external auditors must not have any financial interest in the properties of the audited parties. Auditors independence requires honesty and integrity from the side of the auditors. The internal and external auditors must be independent of audit clients as per the Code of ethics as public interest is engaged in the process of audit engagement. It is desired that the auditors will be independent of mind as well as independent in appearance. Independent of mind refers to that the auditor will not be affected by any kind of influence to make his/her personal judgment. Independent in appearance refers to that the auditors will avoid the facts and circumstances that can influence the decision making process of them. Potential Threats As per the above discussion, there should be absolute independence in the audit operations by the auditors. However, as per the case study given, it can be seen that there is a violation in the independence of the auditor of Fellowes and Associates. This process can contribute to severe kind of threats for the audit farm as per the guidelines of Auditing professional and Ethical Standards Board, APES 110 (Apesb.org.au 2016). The potential threats are discussed under as per the APES 110 norms: Severe thereat can be arrived when an audit team member has direct financial interest or material indirect financial interest in the property of the audited party or the audited client. This is one of the most significant threats and there is no safeguards created that can save the individual from this threat. In case of situation one, the audit associate owns shares in the audited firm. This situation implies that the audit associate has financial indirect material interest in the audited firm. Thus, the audit associate cam face the above discusses threat (Quick Warming-Rasmussen, 2014). Same as above, if an associate of the audit firm has a controlling financial interest in the audited firm and the audit firm is material to the audited client, then the audit associate can face severe threat that cannot be safeguarded by any kind of law as per the APES 110 (Tepalagul Lin, 2015). An independence threat is created if an associate of the audit firm has close family member in the audited company or the audit client who has direct material interest. There are some factors that determine the level of the threat. The first factor is the nature of relationship between the audit associate and the family member. Another factor is the nature financial interest materiality (Blay Geiger, 2013). Providing non audit services to the audit client by other partners or by the managerial employees who has direct financial material immaterial interest in the audited company or the audited client is a serious unavoidable threat. There is not any kind of safeguard that can save the employee from this threat (Kouakou, Boiral Gendron, 2013). Independence threat can be created when there is a close relationship of business between the audit team or any associate of the audit team and the audited firm or any member of the audited firm. There are certain aspects of this kind of threats. This kind of threat can be arrived if there is a financial interest about a joint venture between the audit team and the audited firm. Another reason for this kind of threat is when the audit firm involves in the marketing or distribution of the products of the audited client (Dogui, Boiral Heras?Saizarbitoria, 2014). The threat of independence can be formed when a team member or associate of the audit team or the audit firm has a close relationship with a person who is not his family member; but the person is an officer or an director or an manager of the audited entity and he/she has a significance amount of influence on the audited firm. There is some aspect of this kind of threat. The nature of this kind of threat depends on the nature of relationship between the team member of the audited firm and the director, officer and the manager of the audited company. This kind of threat also depends upon the nature of the position which the member of the audited company holds and the role of the audit associate in the audit team or in the audit firm (Bauer, 2014). The independence threat can be arrived if any audit team member or the audit firm violates the rules, regulations and policies of the audit company due to have any financial interest in the audited client or the audited company. These are the potential threats that can be arrived due to occurrence of the situation 1 and 2 in the given case study. These are the threats that are arrived due to the violation of the policy of independence of the auditors. Actions and Safeguard Policies The actions to avoid the above discussed threats are discussed below: In situation 1, as per the above discussion, there is a serious offense to break the rules, regulations and policies regarding the independence of the auditors. It has been seen that one of the associates of Fellowes and Associates has shares in the audited company that is Health Care Holding Group (HCHG). This situation implies that the member of the audit team has financial non material interest in the audit client. To avoid this threat, Fellowes and Associate need to remove that particular audit associate from the audit operation of HCHG. On the other hand, they can ask that team member to sell the shares of HCHG in order to avoid the self-interest threat (Chapple et al., 2014). In situation 2, it is the duty of the management to manage various kinds of assets of the organization including the tangible as well as the intangible assets. Sometime the management of the organization takes some steps which are unethical from the point of view of audit but they are taken for the betterment of the organization. It may happen that the amount of $ 30 million has entered as the value of intangible assets by mistake. Thus, the auditor needs to correct the mistake by showing the actual adjustment (Audits, 2013). To avoid this kind of future incidents, certain safeguards are discussed below: Leadership in the audit process is needed in order to make the audit associates aware about the importance to comply with all the rules, regulations and fundamental principles of auditing. Various kinds of policies and procedures need to be implemented in order to monitor the quality and control on the audit process (Hossain et al., 2016). After that the policies need to be documented in order to indentify the threats of audits, to explain them to the audit team members, to apply the safeguards for these threats and to reduce the threats to the level of acceptance. There must be coordination and compliance between the audit policies and the fundamental principles of the audit (Ge, Simnett Zhou, 2016). It is needed for the audit firms to timely communicate the various kind of policies and fundamental principles of audit to the members of the audit team. If there is any change among the rules and principles, they need to be communicated with the audit team members. The non assurance services of the audit work need to be reviewed by the member of the audit team who is not involved in the non assurance audit team. The audit team needs to keep the fact in mind that the audit client has the appropriate corporate governance structure and proper communication procedures regarding the various services of the firm. Another audit firm can be involved to re-perform the audit program performance. The members of the assurance team need to be rotated on a regular basis in order to maintain transparency in the whole audit process (Henderson et al., 2015). These are safeguards that Fellowes and Associates can implement to avoid the future threats in audit independence. Conclusion From the above study it can be understood that independence of the auditors is an important aspect in the audit process. However, in the case of Fellows and Associates, it has been seen that the policies of auditors independence has been violated. Due to this violation, the audit firm can face a lot of severe threats like independence threat, self-interest threats and many others. In order to avoid these threats, Fellowes and Associates needs to take some steps like to remove the audit associate who has financial non material interests in the audit clients business, to formulate various policies and principles and many others. On the other hand, APES 110 has provided some guidelines which needs to be followed by the audit firms to bring these threats in an acceptance level. References Audits, F. S. (2013). Quality Control Around Financial Statements Audits. Bauer, T. D. (2014). The effects of client identity strength and professional identity salience on auditor judgments.The Accounting Review,90(1), 95-114. Blay, A. D., Geiger, M. A. (2013). Auditor fees and auditor independence: Evidence from going concern reporting decisions.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(2), 579-606. Chapple, L., Crofts, P., Ferguson, C., Hronsky, J. (2014). Professional independence and attachment bias: an exploratory study. Dogui, K., Boiral, O., Heras?Saizarbitoria, I. (2014). Audit fees and auditor independence: The case of ISO 14001 certification.International Journal of Auditing,18(1), 14-26. Ge, Q., Simnett, R., Zhou, S. (2016). Ethical and Quality Control Requirements When Undertaking Assurance Engagements. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K., Howieson, B. (2015).Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hossain, S., Monroe, G. S., Wilson, M., Jubb, C. (2016). The Effect of Networked Clients' Economic Importance on Audit Quality.Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory. Kouakou, D., Boiral, O., Gendron, Y. (2013). ISO auditing and the construction of trust in auditor independence.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,26(8), 1279-1305. Quick, R., Warming-Rasmussen, B. (2014). An experimental analysis of the effects of non-audit services and related independence threats on auditor independence in appearance. In12th World Congress of Accounting Educators and Researchers. Tepalagul, N., Lin, L. (2015). Auditor Independence and Audit Quality A Literature Review.Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance,30(1), 101-121. uploads/standards/apesb_standards/standard1.pdf. (2016).apesb.org.au. Retrieved 23 November 2016, from https://www.apesb.org.au/uploads/standards/apesb_standards/standard1.pdf

privatizing the public sphere Essay Example For Students

privatizing the public sphere Essay Privatizing the Public SphereThe privatization and fragmentation of space in post-industrial urban America is a widespread social problem. As society becomes even more globalized as a result of technological advances, the rampant spread of a privatized public realm is ever-increasing. Public space is needed as a center in which to bring people together to share a common place. It is within public spaces that public life unfolds and without public spaces such as parks, streets, and buildings, the mixing of classes will become increasingly uncommon. Society is made up of two sectors: the private and public, and it is essential that both remain separate entities. However, through the use of fear tactics especially the threat of violent crimes, privatized settings are spreading throughout the public sphere. In this analysis, it is my intent to explore the various tactics being used to impede upon the public sphere. In doing so, I will explore the causal factors that contribute to the inc reased privatization of urban public life. Historically, the city was an all-encompassing entity. At the dawn of industrialization, large masses of people flocked to the city in hopes of a better economic life for themselves and their families. It was within the city limits, particularly closest to the areas of commerce and exchange that people took up residence, worked, and pursued various social activities. The city served the needs of all its citizens. However, as industrialization moved further along, there was a major shift in urban economics. While many businesses flourished, so did wealth and as this increased, society faced an evolving class system. Three notable classes emerged: the lower/working class, the middle class, and the upper/elite class. While these class divisions grew, a large amount of money was being invested in the creation of public venues. Public institutions were designed to bring education, culture, and in many ways, a sense of community to modern city li fe. A public park or library was a place that people of various classes could come together and share space. However, by the end of the Twentieth century and into the Twenty-First, true public space is becoming almost extinct, as is the middle class. Privatized public space has become the new trend across many American cities. There are many interrelated factors that contribute to the elimination of a public sphere, these include but are not limited to: corporate ownership of property, gentrifying of neighborhoods, an ever increasing disparity between the rich and poor, and new landscape designs. All of these factors work cohesively with one another by instilling a sense of fear into the lives of everyday citizens. Society is becoming more and more policed through the use of surveillance cameras on public walkways, gated communities, but especially, through systematic approaches used to create the feeling that public spheres are unsafe and something to be feared. Corporations are taking over the urban landscape. In previous years, many upper and middle class families fled to the suburbs to escape the everyday hustle of city life. However, in recent years, city living has become glamorized and thus the movement back into the city has increased. Once blighted inner-city neighborhoods are being taken over and revitalized by corporate leaders in hopes to redesign and yuppify these areas. As more money is put into the area, the higher the market value goes up and as a result, many local residents can no longer afford to live there. While these residents are pushed out, a more desirable group of residents move in and thus, take over. This process, known as gentrification, is occurring in many cities all across the nation. In the past, displaced residents could possibly move to another area that was not undergoing this process. However, as we are seeing in Chicago, it is nearing impossibility to move to an area within the city that will not be up fo r revitalization in the near future.As a result of this, many working class and poverty stricken persons and families are having a difficult time developing a communal base which in turn, is the basic denial that citizens should have to live and prosper within a community. .uf4c79802d8f7722a6bf2449dca1f75d6 , .uf4c79802d8f7722a6bf2449dca1f75d6 .postImageUrl , .uf4c79802d8f7722a6bf2449dca1f75d6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf4c79802d8f7722a6bf2449dca1f75d6 , .uf4c79802d8f7722a6bf2449dca1f75d6:hover , .uf4c79802d8f7722a6bf2449dca1f75d6:visited , .uf4c79802d8f7722a6bf2449dca1f75d6:active { border:0!important; } .uf4c79802d8f7722a6bf2449dca1f75d6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf4c79802d8f7722a6bf2449dca1f75d6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf4c79802d8f7722a6bf2449dca1f75d6:active , .uf4c79802d8f7722a6bf2449dca1f75d6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf4c79802d8f7722a6bf2449dca1f75d6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf4c79802d8f7722a6bf2449dca1f75d6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf4c79802d8f7722a6bf2449dca1f75d6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf4c79802d8f7722a6bf2449dca1f75d6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf4c79802d8f7722a6bf2449dca1f75d6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf4c79802d8f7722a6bf2449dca1f75d6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf4c79802d8f7722a6bf2449dca1f75d6 .uf4c79802d8f7722a6bf2449dca1f75d6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf4c79802d8f7722a6bf2449dca1f75d6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Black Like Me: A Cultural Book Report EssayWhile corporate developments have changed the urban neighborhood, they have also greatly, if not more so, destroyed the public space of urban city centers. In Mike Daviss essay, Fortress Los Angeles: The Militarization of Urban Space, he outlines the various ways in which the city is being privatized and the different techniques that those people in power are using to enforce such a trend. It has become an overt effort by city planners and corporate developers to keep out and ultimately criminalize those considered undesirable. Downtown areas are literally becoming exclusive to an elite class of people. Davis points out the ways i n which L.A. is making the city bumproof by the new barrel shaped bus benches, which make it uncomfortable to sleep, the use of outdoor sprinklers equipped with automatic timers, enclosed or gated garbage cans, and the elimination of public restrooms (Sorkin, 162-163). These techniques are acting as agents in which to eliminate the homeless from the streets of L.A. Instead of trying to set up policies and programs that might aid and benefit homeless persons, the city is trying to get rid of the immediate problem. The problem is not that there are homeless people on city grounds but rather, that homelessness and poverty are widespread social problems that need to be addressed and dealt with on a local and national level.Another aspect contributing to privatized public space is the new urban building and residential land design. The new design has created a barrier between the inside and the outside world. In many new, gated communities theres one way in and one way out. Surprisingly, these types of residences, which were once primarily located in the suburbs, are being built within city limits and within city centers.Another feature of the new urban design is the new architectural design of city buildings. In the past, a trip downtown for shopping or for going to a museum was a fairly simple task. However, it has become increasingly common for building and store entrances to be through parking lots or garages. Also store entrances are designed in such way that the only way to enter is through the larger structure of the building. Trying to go shopping downtown without going into the larger building to get to the store is near impossible. Instead, everyday consumers must walk past a security guard while typically under some sort of surveillance just to get into the store. There are extreme measures taken in hopes to weed out any, if not all, undesirables. Another aspect of architectural design is the creation of overhead walkways from one building to another. Th ese walkways make it easier for those people already in the building to get from one place to the next, but for the outsider, it is an intimidating system. Also, these walkways are often under the eye of the ever-present surveillance camera. These overhead walkways are another attempt to keep a watchful eye on the activities of people. While the city has become a private entity, it is important to look at the driving force behind this. The acceptance of privatizing the public is a manifestation of fear. If people were able to get from one place to the next without the eyes of the camera would the world be a safer place? Probably not. However, by creating the illusion of safety people somehow feel secure. Through the practice of barricading buildings, building high fences, and having a video camera present in all potentially public areas the idea of safety permeates throughout the city. The fear that is being instilled through these tactics is in reality, a fear of people and most no tably, the differences among varying groups of people within society. Since the emergence of industrialization, there have been class differences among people. However, as society moves further into the information age, class distinctions are becoming even more wide spread. As the gap between the rich and poor continues to widen, so does access for the poor into the public realm. The decline of a middle class is affecting the structure of society because cities and public venues were once designed to serve the middle class. However, without such a class, cities are now being designed to service an elite class and it is this class that has the power and control over public life. With the widening division between classes, services to the non-elite members of society will continue to diminish. The importance of public space and life is an important aspect of any given society. Without such spaces, society will continue to be dived among class lines. When a certain group of people hold power and its all about power and control, there will always be those that are excluded and denied access to the public sphere. As long as imaginary and irrational fears are instilled into the private lives of the public, society will continue to build fortress around its buildings and to use surveillance cameras outside the doors. Public space is a right to all citizens and due to fear of the unknown; it is diminishing right before our eyes. In this day and age, to be an American means to always be under the watchful eye of another.